Fig. 1. Androgen receptor (AR) expression in non-asthmatic (NA) and asthmatic human ASM cells (males and females) using qRT-PCR and Western analysis. A) mRNA expression of AR using qRT-PCR in non-asthmatic and asthmatic human ASM cells of both genders. S16 was used as internal control for normalization. B) Protein expression of AR using Western analysis in non-asthmatic and asthmatic human ASM cells of both genders. β-actin was used as loading control for normalization. AR-expression is physiologically low in females compared to males and is increased during asthma in both males and females. ^#p<0.05; ^##p<0.01 vs. non-asthmatic female or male, *p<0.05, **p<0.01 vs. non-asthmatic females. Data expressed as mean ± SEM. n=5 patients each.